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World History Timeline - 2nd Millennium
1000-1099 (A.D.)
Mesa VerdeCliff Dwellings(c. 10001300)
Cathedral and Tower at Pisa
c. 10001300Classic Pueblo period of Anasazi culture; cliff dwellings. c.1000Hungary and Scandinavia converted to Christianity. Viking raider Leif Eriksson discovers North America, calls it Vinland. Beowulf, Old English epic. c. 1008Murasaki Shikibu finishes The Tale of Genji, the world\'s first novel. 1009Muslims destroy Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. 1013Danes control England. Canute takes throne (1016), conquers Norway (1028), dies (1035); kingdom divided among his sons: Harold Harefoot (England), Sweyn (Norway), Hardecanute (Denmark). 1040Macbeth murders Duncan, king of Scotland. 1053Robert Guiscard, Norman invader, establishes kingdom in Italy, conquers Sicily (1072). 1054Final separation between Eastern (Orthodox) and Western (Roman) churches. 1055Seljuk Turks, Asian nomads, move west, capture Baghdad, Armenia (1064), Syria, and Palestine (1075). 1066William of Normandy invades England, defeats last Saxon king, Harold II, at Battle of Hastings, crowned William I of England (the Conqueror). 1068Construction on the cathedral in Pisa, Italy, begins. 1073Emergence of strong papacy when Gregory VII is elected. Conflict with English and French kings and German emperors will continue throughout medieval period. 1095At Council of Clermont, Pope Urban II calls for a holy war to wrest control of Jerusalem from Muslims, which launches the First Crusade (1096), one of at least 8 European military campaigns between 1095 and 1291 to regain the Holy Land. 11001199 (A.D.)
Chartres Cathedral
11001300Construction of Cathedral at Chartres, France. 1144Second Crusade begins. c. 1150Angkor Wat is completed. 11501167Universities of Paris and Oxford founded in France and England. 1162Thomas Becket named Archbishop of Canterbury, murdered by Henry II\'s men (1170). Troubadours (wandering minstrels) glorify romantic concepts of feudalism. 1169Ibn-Rushd begins translating Aristotle\'s works. 1189Richard I (the Lionhearted) succeeds Henry II in England, killed in France (1199), succeeded by King John. Third Crusade. 12001299 (A.D.)
King John
(11671216) 
Thomas Aquinas
(12251274)
The Crusades12001204Fourth Crusade. 1211Genghis Khan invades China, captures Peking (1214), conquers Persia (1218), invades Russia (1223), dies (1227). 1212Children\'s Crusade. 1215King John forced by barons to sign Magna Carta at Runneymede, limiting royal power. 1217Fifth Crusade. 1228Sixth Crusade. 1231The Inquisition begins as Pope Gregory IX assigns Dominicans responsibility for combating heresy. Torture used (1252). Ferdinand and Isabella establish Spanish Inquisition (1478). Tourquemada, Grand Inquisitor, forces conversion or expulsion of Spanish Jews (1492). Forced conversion of Moors (1499). Inquisition in Portugal (1531). First Protestants burned at the stake in Spain (1543). Spanish Inquisition abolished (1834). 1241Mongols defeat Germans in Silesia, invade Poland and Hungary, withdraw from Europe after Ughetai, Mongol leader, dies. 1248Seventh Crusade. 1251Kublai Khan governs China, becomes ruler of Mongols (1259), establishes Yuan dynasty in China (1280), invades Burma (1287), dies (1294). 1260Chartres cathedral consecrated. 1270Eighth Crusade. 1271Marco Polo of Venice travels to China, in court of Kublai Khan (12751292), returns to Genoa (1295) and writes Travels. 1273Thomas Aquinas stops work on Summa Theologica, the basis of all Catholic theological teaching; never completes it. 1295English King Edward I summons the Model Parliament.
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